What Is Angina And What Is The Cure Essay Example For Students

What Is Angina? And What Is The Cure? Essay QUESTION: What is Angina? And what is the cure?RESPONSE: Angina refers to the pain arising from lack of adequate blood supply tothe heart muscle. Typically, it is a crushing pain behind the breastbonein the center of the chest, brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. It may at times radiate to or arise in the left arm, neck, jaw, left chest,or back. It is frequently accompanied by sweating, palpitations of theheart, and generally lasts a matter of minutes. Similar pain syndromes maybe caused by other diseases, including esophagitis, gall bladder disease,ulcers, and others. Diagnosis of angina begins with the recognition of the consistentsymptoms. Often an exercise test with radioactive thallium is performed ifthe diagnosis is in question, and sometimes even a cardiac catheterizationis done if the outcome is felt necessary to make management decisions. We will write a custom essay on What Is Angina? And What Is The Cure? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is a complex area which requires careful judgment by physician andpatient. Angina is a manifestation of coronary artery disease, the same diseaseleading to heart attacks. Coronary artery diseas refers to those syndromescaused by blockage to the flow of blood in those arteries supplying theheart muscle itself, i.e., the coronary arteries. Like any other organ, theheart requires a steady flow of oxygen and nutrients to provide energy forrmovement, and to maintain the delicate balance of chemicals which allowfor the careful electrical rhythm control of the heart beat. Unlike someother organs, the heart can survive only a matter of minutes without thesenutrients, and the rest of the body can survive only minutes without theheartthus the critical nature of these syndromes. Causes of blockage range from congenital tissue strands within or overthe arteries to spasms of the muscular coat of the arteries themselves. Byfar the most common cause, however, is the deposition of plaques ofcholesterol, platelets and other substances within the arterial walls. Sometimes the buildup is very gradual, but in other cases the buildup issuddenly increased as a chunk of matter breaks off and suddenly blocks thealready narrowed opening. Certain factors seem to favor the buildup of these plaques. A strongfamily history of heart attacks is a definite risk factor, reflecting somemetabolic derangement in either cholesterol handling or some other factor. Being male, for reasons probably related to the protective effects of somefemale hormones, is also a relative risk. Cigarette smoking and high bloodpressure are definite risks, both reversible in most cases. Risk alsoincreases with age. Elevated blood cholesterol levels (both total and lowdensity types) are risks, whereas the high density cholesterol level is arisk only if it is reduced. Possible, but less well-defined factorsinclude certain intense and hostile or time-pressured personality types(so-called type A), inactive lifestyle, and high cholesterol diets. Medications are increasingly effective for symptom control, as well asprevention of complications. The oldest and most common agents are thenitrates, derivatives of nitroglycerine. They include nitroglycerine,isosorbide, and similar agents. Newer forms include long acting oralagents, plus skin patches which release a small amount through the skininto the bloodstream over a full day. They act by reducing the burden ofblood returning to the heart from the veins and also by dilating thecoronary arteries themselves. Nitrates are highly effective for relief andprevention of angina, and sometimes for limiting the size of a heartattack. Used both for treatment of symptoms as well as prevention ofanticipated symptoms, nitrates are considered by many to be the mainstay ofmedical therapy for angina. .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005 , .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005 .postImageUrl , .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005 , .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005:hover , .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005:visited , .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005:active { border:0!important; } .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005:active , .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005 .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud5029323664cb0ea5cc29606d2add005:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Intro to Criminal Justice - My Cousin Vinny Essay The second group of drugs are called beta blockers for their abilityto block the activity of the beta receptors of the nervous system. Thesereceptors cause actions such as blood pressure elevation, rapid heart rate,and forceful heart contractions. When these actions are reduced, the heartneeds less blood, and thus angina may be reduced. The newest group of drugs for angina is called the calcium channelblockers. Calcium channels refer to the areas of the membranes of heartand other cells where calcium flows in and out, reacting with otherchemicals to modulate the force and rate of contractions. In the heart,they can reduce the force and rate of contractions and electricalexcitability, thereby having a calming effect on the heart. Although theirfinal place in heart disease remains to be seen, they promise to play anincreasingly important role. When medications are unsuccessful, or if there is concern about animpending or potential heart attack, coronary bypass surgery is highlysuccessful in reducing symptoms. Whether or not it prolongs survival isquestionable for most patients. Angina which is new or somehow different from previous episodes in anyway is termed unstable angina,is a medical emergency, and requiresurgent attention. Research is active, and careful medical follow-up isimportant.mergency, and requires urgent attention. Research is active, andcareful medical follow-up is important.

Granny Emmas Ice Cream Company (107793) Essay Example

Granny Emmas Ice Cream Company (107793) Essay Example Granny Emmas Ice Cream Company (107793) Essay Granny Emmas Ice Cream Company (107793) Essay involved the possibility of existent enjoyment at a cafe siting country. Branchs in the town Centre besides served salads and tiffins. At present,production is available at an equal mill, bring forthingsweeping markets. The company besides supplies eating houses, hotels, stores and traditional ice pick sellers, being important refering increased net income and farthertrade name consciousness. Increased trade name consciousnesscould besides take to farther retail merchants emerging, at thedesired point of sale. When singmonetary valueas portion of the selling mix, thisextremely valued, premium merchandise of significant worth, â€Å"speaks for itself† . Price is frequently associated with quality and this merchandise has beenbranded efficaciously,when sing the already discussed traditional attack andbranding with accent on pureness and entire value. Besides one hundred and 50 milliliter and 500millilitre baths are offered for sale, every bit good as one, two and four liter containers. An ice pick sundae glass with three 100 milliliters is besides available. This creates asignificant monetary value assortmentfor the client. With respects conclusiveness on organisational resources at Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company, farther resources to see might include the undermentioned: Expertness refering the devising of ice pick and the ice pick market itself, gross revenues staff that adhere to the â€Å"traditional company values and trade name name, † mill workers which are knowing with respects â€Å"Granny Emma’s front-runner recipe† , a extremely valued gross revenues merchandise, a high equity trade name, assorted concern relationships, every bit good as retail units and a centralized ice pick production capableness, of 13 thousand liters of ice pick per twenty-four hours. Furthermore, anexternal analysisthat will include theselling environment, competitory analysis and client analysis will be required. While sing anexternal analysisthat includes the selling environment, competitory and client analysis, much could be considered, one time once more within the range of this instance survey: Selling environment: The selling environment normally includes both external or unmanageable variables, every bit good as internal or governable. For the intent of this assignment, merely theexternalor unmanageable variables will really be considered. While carry oning a P.E. S. T Analysis, ( political, economic, societal and technological ) analysis, it can be seen that all of these variables are really external, or are at times referred to as the â€Å"unmanageable variables.† They are unmanageable in their nature, merely because an person or administration can seldom, or at all of all time, exercise any control, or exert any influence over them. Together with governable variables, theselling environmentor portion thereof, may be defined. While sing theselling environmentwith respects thepolitical analysis: The Government’s policies with respects healthy feeding and fleshiness every bit good as possibly curtailing publicizing refering â€Å"junk food† , has played a major function with possible hereafter gross revenues, every bit good as existent ice pick content. Options were besides offered by the competition. While sing theselling environmentwith respects theeconomic analysis: At some point in clip a realization occurred, that ice pick gross revenues were largely governed by the conditions and were accordingly seasonal. This was a large job as staff employed on a seasonal footing, were a large cost component to the company. Once once more it can be clearly seen that a deficiency of existent control existed, when sing this unmanageable economic state of affairs. While sing theselling environmentwith respects asocietal analysis: Certaintendenciesseemed to be emerging at the clip, with respects a new and healthy lifestyle consumer attack. Consumers sought healthier nutrients, with a lower fat content, taking to an overall wellness betterment. While in anterior old ages a minimal fat content of five and a half per centum within ice pick was sought, this has changed dramatically. While sing theselling environmentwith respects atechnological analysis: Harmonizing to the given instance survey, the ice pick industry truly came into being around the twelvemonth 19 26. This was due to thetechnological factorrefering the development of a feasible procedure deep-freeze. This in consequence permittedmass productionof this merchandise as such, giving rise to the possibility of an existent ice pick industry. Similarly, Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company, found itself in a similar place of wishing to fabricate ice pick on a much greater graduated table, ensuing in centralized production within a mill, refering in a day-to-day end product potency of 13 thousand liters. Once once moreengineeringhas been utilised, refering demand for mass production and the proviso of consequentcompetitory advantage. Competitive Analysis: Many factors and variables can be assessed at this point with respects this full treatment, while doing mention tocompetitory advantage. In footings of the merchandise offered, as has been discussed, this has been aextremely valued point,appealing strongly towards the mark market. Its entreaty sing â€Å"traditional values† includingpureness and friendlinessand consequentextremely valued trade name image, havepositionedthe merchandise consequently. Besides, when accordingly mentioning toconsumer psychographicsthepsychological benefitson offer to the consumer have been significant. These factors as a effect provide greatcompetitory advantage, the merchandise basking gross revenues at two supermarkets, with the possibility of increased gross revenues potency. The merchandise is besides available at the seashore every bit good as at a cafe siting country, withvariegationholding occurred, including sandwiches and bites. Once once morecompetitory advantagemay be seen via merchandise variegation, every bit good as purchase handiness and the negation of seasonal capriciousness, taking to increased gross revenues. Production is available at an equal mill, bring forthingsweeping market gross revenuesandincreased net incomes. Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company besides supplies eating houses, hotels, stores and traditional ice pick sellers, basking a significant sum oftrade name consciousness, taking to the possibility of increased retail merchant mercantile establishments. Competitive advantagecan clearly be seen with respectstrade name consciousnessand strongtrade name image. Furthercompetitory advantageexists with sweeping market gross revenues and end point increased net incomes. When sing monetary value, due to thissuperior merchandisebeing offered via its extremely effectual trade name image exposingsuperior merchandise characteristics, monetary value is merely interpreted as being worthy of the merchandise on offer. Besides, the significant volume assortment on offer refering gross revenues, created asignificant monetary value assortmentfor the client. A greatcompetitory advantagecan be seen here, as theperceived monetary value valueisworthy of merchandise offer. Furthermore, monetary value as such has been defined as one of the five of import factors when specifying theplace of ice pick, within this instance survey, positioning itself, associating tocompetitory advantage. There is besides great expertness available sing the ice pick market and Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company. While besides sing this high equity trade name, assorted concern relationships, assorted retail units, and a centralized ice pick production system, muchcompetitory advantagemay be sought. When integratingvariegation,market consciousnessand besides sing a greater sum of coveted enlargement and variegation, this calls for even greater potency forcompetitory advantage. At this point in clip,Porter’s Five Forces Modelwill be utilized, with respects a finalized, external competitory analysis: The ice pick offered by Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company could be seen as exposing competitory advantage in a figure of different ways: It could be seen as comprising of â€Å"traditional values† and â€Å"pureness† , exposinghigh equity. Consumerpsychological satisfactionevery bit good asvariegationbesides seems to have as extremely positive properties.Sweeping market gross revenuesbesides characteristic, comprising ofsignificant market end product.The merchandise is besides â€Å"priced adequately† , offering significant monetary value assortment.Monetary value itself straight refers to competitory advantage within the range of this instance surveyand it seems that this variable has been catered for, due to this superior merchandise, which has been on offer. Sing Porter’s Five Forces Model every bit good as the above: While sing the menace of entrants into the market place: This will happen one time once more, while sing Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company, seen as exposingcompetitory advantagein the figure of different ways described: Once once more a existent menace occurs, as this freshly created wellness nutrient market mentioning to the low content fat demands within ice pick and the attempted negation of debris nutrients, may make a new mark market within the nutrient industry. This new mark market mentioning to new market sections will make a â€Å"spread in the market.† New entrants will finally be attracted to new gross revenues possibilities. The â€Å"traditional values† and â€Å"purity attack utilised by Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company may be faced withsignificant competitionfrom new entrants, aimingotherwise created market sections. While sing barriers to entry: Once once more sing Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company, exposingcompetitory advantagein the figure of different ways described: Refering authorities policy sing barriers to entry, it seems as if there are â€Å"no barriers† , since the authorities has really encouraged this new healthy lifestyle attack. This is one time once more a existent menace, as Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company may lose significant market portion. The competition Richmond Foods, since they are the chief U. K maker, would besides possesseconomic systems of graduated table.Together with authorities policy, domination of the ice pick market could therefore occur. The â€Å"traditional values† and â€Å"purity approach† used by the company, while holding been constituents of high equity in their ain right, refering the new authorities policy, would increasingly exert less consequence. This traditional trade name name would besides increasingly lose trade name equity. Consequently fewer gross revenues would finally happen. Merchandise variegationonce more, seems to be a solution, which could take todistinctionand finally one time more tocompetitory advantage.Through equal variegation, one could even keep, or perchance even better merchandise monetary value, comparative to the competition. While sing dickering power of purchasers: This analysis will happen one time once more, via mention to all related issues and competitory advantage, while sing Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company. Muchbargaining purchasecould happen, refering purchasers, with respects this new nutrient and ice pick market. This would be the instance particularly refering thehandiness of replacements, refering the ice pick market as a whole. This would ensue in reduced gross revenues for Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company. Besides,trade name individualityfor Granny Emma’s Company could decrease as a consequence, as â€Å"traditional values† embracing â€Å"purity† , would besides as such no longer sell this ice pick merchandise sufficiently. A farther possibility could be a decrease of the retail merchant ice pickmonetary valuesat Granny Emma’s, as an overall effect, including gross revenues refering sweeping markets. Competitive advantage losswould ensue. While refering dickering power of providers: Again, via mention to all related issues and competitory advantage, while sing Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company, certain issues will be discussed: With respects this perchance freshly acquired wellness market, ifprovider concentrationis of a sufficiently high adequate volume, this will one time once more lead todecreased competitory advantagewith respects Granny Emma’s Ice Cream. This will be due to gross revenues being undertaken via other retail merchants, ensuing in market portion loss, sing this company. This is unless fartherdistinctionoccurs with respectsmerchandise scopeand ice pick alteration, as respects a upper limit of two per centum fat content. Thesweeping market gross revenuescould besides be affected drastically, and the company could be forced to cut back on retail monetary values, in order to last within asaturated market, with perchancediminished trade name equity. While refering menace of replacement merchandises: The taking U.K Ice Cream Manufacturer being a large portion of the existent competition has introduced the Skinny Cow Brand, integrating less than two per centum fat content. If there is sufficientpurchaser disposition to replace, as could be the instance refering this authorities wellness enterprise, unless both fartherdistinctionevery bit good asmerchandise versionoccurs,competitory advantagecould really good be lost. Furthermore, if Richmond Foods every bit good as other rivals sell their merchandise at alower monetary value, competitory advantage loss could really happen with significant certainty. Substitute merchandises may furthermore, take on â€Å"attributes† of their ain when associating to factors such as â€Å"purity† , by expeditiously publicizing their really low fat content as such and pull offing to associate this to trade name name. External Customer Analysis: As has already been discussed, certain â€Å"customer attributes† exist, within the range of this instance survey. Refering ice pick gross revenues, it seems that in old old ages, the client has enjoyed buying truly good tasting, â€Å"full cream† ice pick. This has incorporated comparatively high fat content. It has perchance besides included coveted traditional fabrication, stigmatization and gross revenues methodological analysiss, within the U.K. The client seems to hold farther enjoyed such a traditional purchase, at a traditional point of sale, in Granny Emma’s instance, the seaboard resort. Health and wellness attention merchandises it seems have non featured extremely on the docket of the client. Certain trends nevertheless, have begun to make the opposite consequence. An assessment of current and future mark market sections: Refering the changed political environment, it can be seen that this unmanageable variable may hold perchance changedcleavage demands, taking one to hold to aim the â€Å"healthier life style† market alternatively. It seems that the current cleavage attack of the high fat nutrient market, may hold become out-of-date. In footings ofvariegation sought and enlargement, this may in itself be a good thought.Consequently, new markets will besides hold to be targeted. However, there is no reference of practical â€Å"diversification† of the trade name besides, in order to stand for the freshly sought merchandises and merchandise scope. If the trade name is altered falsely, this may in itself be of great concern and a possible menace to the company. If it is non altered at all sing variegation, one time more, the same dangers apply. However if it is altered adequately, freshly sought market sections should be sought and consequently targeted, perchance integrating the wellness nutrient market. This could turn out to be a great success. Besides,consumer psychographicscleavage could happen, which could include thelow fat componentas a possible agency ofpureness and satisfaction. It seems that a â€Å"spread in the market† would perchance be, which should be utilised forcleavage intents. Including this possible â€Å"trade name reinvention† refering pureness and low fat content, the ice pick itself could in a sense become â€Å"redefined† ,leting one to keep Granny Emma’s Logo and trade name name.This would cut down any possible hazard associated with an existent trade name change. Finally, possible sections of the market to be targeted, should include: The â€Å"healthier lifestyle† market section and the low fat and pureness content market section. This should be accomplished, via mention to the already established and believable, Granny Emma Brand Logo. These sections should integrate chiefly thenon-dairy ice pick market, as this seems to hold a lower fat content. In concurrence with effectual stigmatization as mentioned, a premium monetary value may be sought. An equal â€Å"overrun† and packaging method should be utilised. The alternate merchandise enlargement should besides mention to the above-named sections, merely transporting Forth a discrepancy of the Granny Emma Brand Logo, when sing existent nutrient and drink. Possible current market impact refering enlargement: One could reply this inquiry with some uncertainness, as has already been mentioned, as it is normally the market that really exercises impact upon an administration. I n order for Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company to exert â€Å"some signifier of impact† , this company will hold to be at thereally head of competition. This would be with respectsfeasible market sectionsand aselling mix, organizing portion of anintricately thought out selling scheme. Notwithstanding being thetaking U.K maker, the inclusion of agreat sum of gross revenueswould help refering current market impact. If a significant sum of gross revenues are accordingly made and sufficient market portion is attained, sing relevant and feasible markets, this could exert an impact on the market consequently. Refering enlargement as already discussed, the market could be affected well, from the point of position that different types of merchandises may be sought by consumers and in different measures. This may name for certain administrations to shift a certain type of merchandise consequently, in order to get competitory advantage. Furthermore, certain merchandise classs may finally lose market portion, to the point where they are no longer feasible. Attendant benefits and dangers: When mentioning to benefits and dangers, one refers to a S.W.O.T ( strengths, failings, chances, menaces ) , analysis. With respects thestrengths, the company has both market cognition expertness, every bit good as significant production capableness. With respects the purpose of possible farther enlargement and variegation taking to perchance increased competitory advantage, great advantage can be sought, all of these factors mentioning to significant benefits. If there is relevant market impact, this will be a farther strength, as this will connote that the company will hold captured significant market portion. Referingfailings, it can be deduced that due to the fact that Granny Emma’s Ice Cream Company is non the taking U.K Manufacturer while sing both end product and gross revenues, a certain sum of danger really exists. This danger comes into being, when sing enlargement, with respects seeking certain market sections. If these market sections are non targeted suitably, so this may turn out to be an unsuccessful venture, when sing market impact. Singchances, it would be a existent benefit to try to spread out and diversify, accordingly deriving further competitory advantage. This could affect increased merchandise gross revenues and aiming feasible market sections, attesting as a benefit, while come ining the prior discussed, â€Å"gap in the market.† Refering market impact, this can turn into a large chance and benefit, if it is really accomplished. It will in consequence mean that the company will hold become a dominant participant in this industry, holding captured significant market portion. With respects to possiblemenacesor dangers, the menace exists of non spread outing sufficiently, or non capturing sufficient market portion, or both. This would ensue in a loss of competitory advantage, attesting as a possible danger. A farther menace or danger exists, that while trying enlargement, the present trade name name might non provide favorably refering the freshly targeted market sections. Refering market impact, this may non turn out to be the instance at all. Consequently market portion attainment will non hold occurred, taking to an unsuccessful venture Bibliography: Perreault. D. William McCarthy. Jerome. Tocopherol Basic Selling A planetary – Managerial Approach 12ThursdayErectile dysfunction IRWIN Publishers Koch. Richard GUIDE TO Scheme How to make and present A utile scheme ( 1995 ) ( Pitman Publishing )

Zoloft by Pfizer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Zoloft by Pfizer - Essay Example An interesting area of exploration for the use of Zoloft is in pregnant women who suffer from depression. Do the risks outweigh the potential benefits One study that examined the pharmacokinetics of setraline in pregnancy showed that the drug was metabolized at an increased rate, suggesting that a greater dose was necessary in these cases (Sit et al, 2008). Setraline is excreted through the breast milk of nursing mothers in a highly efficient manner (Kristensen et al, 1998). So another consideration is the health of the infant. There have been no teratogenic effects associated with the use of Zoloft, however it may be wise to weigh all of the potential drawbacks. Setraline has been used in pediatric cases of major depressive episode. Children as young as 6 years old have taken this drug. Animal studies of Zoloft on pregnant rats showed a destructive influence to the unborn rat pups (Pfizer ibid).Female rats who received setraline during the last third of the gestation period had an increased number of stillborn pups. The surviving pups had a lower birth weight than the pups in the placebo group. Researchers concluded that this effect was due to exposure to setraline in utero.

Marketing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Marketing assignment - Essay Example Many writers considered that there are four Ps of a successful marketing mix strategy. However, with the passage of time people also included another P in this and now as we see it we have five Ps that are related to the marketing mix. These include: Product, Packaging, Pricing, Placement, and last but not the least Promotion. There are a lot of factors involved, if an organization or a big corporation like McDonald’s wants to develop a successful marketing strategy. First of all, the marketers will have to investigate and research the market accordingly, in the context of McDonald’s Corporation products and service they offer. This research will provide an important vehicle to McDonald Corporation in developing appropriate products, good pricing decision, better distributional channel, and then will help them to reach to their target audience by the means of advertising and promotional activities. All the above decision will help McDonald’s in earning optimal re turn on investment. However, as we see it today, McDonald’s marketing policies have always been spot-on, ever since it was formed and serving a lone hamburger in 1955. After that, when Ray Kroc took a important decision to expand this restaurant and to make it a global entity through advertising, it was probably the wisest decision ever, that contributed in making McDonald Corporation the most valuable global brand. The greatness of McDonald’s Corporation lies in the fact that it not only produces standard products all over the world, but it also make slight alterations in line with the diverse cultures of the different countries in order to produce a product that is in concert with the religion, culture, values and trends of the home country in which the franchise is operating in. This respect given by McDonald’s to different culture has clearly

Eminent Domain Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 30

Eminent Domain - Case Study Example The city plan did not violate the constitutional taking clause. The takings clause protects the private property from conversion by the state for public use without just compensation. The plan was engineered to boost the low economy by providing jobs to the unemployed and increase the tax receipts that would eventually see the city's economy stabilize. This step is beneficial to the public both directly and indirectly and a legitimate public use of the justly acquired land. The economic benefits, on the other hand, appear to be secondary and incidental as brought forth by the dissenting judge. The developers seem to be the primary beneficiary of the acquisition and there is no surety that unemployment will be curbed and hence have the public benefit. All in all, the entire takings clause is objected towards just compensation of the private landowners where the government acquires such land for public use. From the foregoing, the land was put into public use that is faced as economic development having compensated the owners justly. It thus follows that the takings clause was not violated.

Trans Organizational Systems In The Current Turbulent Environment Management Essay

Trans Organizational Systems In The Current Turbulent Environment Management Essay In the current turbulent environment with the inter-networked enterprises, by establishing effective community partnerships the opportunity of adaptive space, flatter and more democratic organizations and communities will be more effective. Organizations must create effective relations among themselves and others. In this time the issues like cooperation and relationships come up. Organizations should investigate themselves and scan and do scrutiny the environment precisely to create a sustainable community. This paper aims to review some important aspects of Partnerships, Coalitions, Sole and Trans-organizational Systems In the current Turbulent Environment. Introduction Today, a majority of practitioners and academic observers seem to agree that specific forms of long-term oriented co-operation between in formal terms independent firms and imply important advantages which would neither occur simply on the basis of purely opportunistic behavior and short-term orientations nor would they arise from structures of central control and organizational integration (Bachmann, 2007). Undoubtedly, the trend towards the establishment of close- and long-term oriented external relationships is strong and has also been confirmed by many contributions which in recent years discussed the characteristics of the system of inter-firm relations (Bachmann, 2007). The term partnership describes a very wide range of contracts and informal arrangements between firms and communities. The communities involved in partnerships range from local to global in scale. Partnerships are relationships and agreements that are actively entered into, on the expectation of benefit, by two or more parties. Partnerships are formed to address issues of collective implications of individuals at local and regional spatial levels, such as governance, quality of life, economic development, social cohesion, employment, etc. Partnerships are a means to share risk between the two parties, and third parties often play important supportive roles (Mayers and Vermeulen, 2002). Characteristics of effective community partnerships Findings from the study conducted by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) have demonstrated that effective community partnerships include the following characteristics: A comprehensive vision that encompasses all segments in a community and aspects of community life. A widely shared vision that has been agreed on by groups and citizens across the community. A strong core of committed partners who have been involved in the partnership from the very beginning. An inclusive and broad-based memberships that reflects the participation from all segments of the community, including the work place. Avoidance or quick resolution of conflict that might create a misunderstanding about a partnerships basic purpose. Decentralized units such as local planning councils or neighborhood teams, which not only encourage action directed at the needs of the small areas within a community, but also enlist residents to take the necessary actions or decisions. Reasonable staff turnover that is not disruptive. Extensive prevention activities and support for local prevention. (CSAP, 2000). Partnerships also strengthen democratic practices. The greatest challenge of communitys partnerships is to use their own assets and to internalize the need to better their life styles that can be achieved through individual and community empowerment. The factors that exist in a community are called assets defined by three interrelated characteristics: include the capacities of the members, internally focused and driven by relationships. To empower the community means that it may be able to create wealth and the basis of sustainable development using all the resources and all the vehicles at its disposal. In community partnerships, power relations are modified among the main actors, NGOs, grassroots organizations, the private sector and local governments, as equal partners in consensus building and decision-making. As an essential element of development, community foundations bring together key stockholders as equal partners with their own unique assets and their know-how of the environment. Communities must become equal partners in the development process through the involvement of all their members in the analysis of existing assets as a starting point for launching an investment initiative, rather than become recipients in need of expertise. Innovative solutions to challenges facing societies can be found through partnerships between government, firms, communities and civil society. Through partnerships, these economic agents may work together to design and adapt strategies and policies and take initiatives consistent with shared priorities to improve governance of local conditions. Advantages of Partnerships According to Cinnà ©ide (2003) enhanced governance through partnerships enables society to solve problems more effectively through: Integrated holistic approach Co-ordination of policies/actions Participation of civic society in decision making Empathy with local needs/conditions Adaptation of policies/actions to local priorities Custom-tailored area based strategies Leveraging additional resources Synergy from team effort Two ways to promote investing in communities are to involve the private sector and to focus on wealth creation rather than poverty alleviation. With partnerships the community brings other entities to be catalysts, facilitators and vehicles to mobilize resources. Partnerships are important to the private sector because they help to manage the expectations of the community. The private sector has the mechanism through which it can mobilize resources, assist governments and be a good partner for communities. Disadvantages of Partnership An advantage of a partnership over a sole proprietorship can also be a disadvantage. That partner who was initially nice to have around to help make decisions can quickly turn into someone to argue with over how the business should be run. In a partnership you do not always get your way. But in a sole proprietorship, you get to make all of the decisions. Only you are responsible for success or failure. The main disadvantage of a partnership in comparison to a limited partnership, corporation, or limited liability company is the unlimited liability of a partnership. In a regular partnership, each partner is personally liable for the debts of the partnership. If your partner runs up a lot of debts for the business, or if the business loses a lawsuit, the creditors can come after your personal belongings to get paid (such as your personal bank accounts, car, boat, etc.). However, if your business is incorporated or registered as a limited liability company, the creditors can only come after money and property belonging to the business. Similarly, if you are a limited partner in a limited partnership, creditors can only come after property of the business or the general partners. Your personal property is safe in such circumstances. The idea of the business entities with limited liability of the owners came about as a way for the government to encourage people to start businesses to boost the economy. It is a way to go into business without risking everything you own. Another possible advantage to other forms of doing business is in the area of taxes. Determining which type of business entity provides the best tax situation will depend upon many variables of the particular business in which you are involved. This can best be determined by a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or tax attorney. The figure below is another look at the advantages and disadvantages of the various types of business organizations (Haman, 2004, pp.4-5). 4. Government-government partnerships The unique public-private US-Mexico Partnership for Prosperity initiative was launched in September 2001 with initiatives to target economic development in Mexico in the areas, which generate the most migrants. US-Mexico Partnership for Prosperity delivers the Good Partner Award to recognize the role of the private sector in advancing social and economic development in Mexico. In 2004, the winners were General Motors de Mà ©xico and Comercial Mexicana de Pinturas (Consorcio COMEX). US-Mexico Partnership for Prosperity has as a central program the social security agreement and promotes access to nutrition programs for the Hispanic population. The Mothers Union highlights the fact that it pays mere lip-service to the role of civil society, has an exclusive focus on government-government partnerships and overlooks the need for gender equality and human rights to be integral to the development process: Such gaps are less likely to have been missing if the Commission had included people from the grassroots of Africa and in particular more women(Daniel, 2006). 5. Government-firms partnerships Partnerships between governments and private business are necessary in some cases for sustainability and development of micro and small enterprises. The public-private sector partnership collaboration between the Konkola Copper Mines wealth creation partnership with the government, the World Bank Group through the International Finance Corporation and other organizations and agencies and corporate partners, like British Petroleum have a social development plan, A public-private partnership between Timberland and City Year of Americorps has expanded activities to 13 regions across the country and a pilot program in South Africa. Merck has a partnership with the Gates Foundation and the Botswanan government to support health services there. Partnering with Business is a private sector partnership between the Business Council for Sustainable Energy (BCSE) and United States Agency for International Development (USAID), promote sustainable energy technologies and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries. Firms and governments are very interested in looking for ways to establish partnerships in Mexico and other developing countries to implement pilot projects to achieve significant emissions reductions and bring investment opportunities to Mexico. 6. Community Foundations Community foundations (CFs) are public-private partnerships for grant-making towards community development, which manage resources to create wealth and improve the well-being of the community and society. Some of the characteristics of community foundations are that they are primarily grant-making foundations. But many also do their own programs; have broad range of donors, diverse portfolio of local and external donors with high stability, geographically defined, community, city, county, district, economy of scale matters. Local board reflecting the community governs some, seek to build permanent endowment, element of perpetuity, broadly defined mission to improve quality of life in community, to strengthen social capital of community. A principal issue for community foundations that needs to be negotiated is the money being driven for the agenda. Firms and governments may provide seed capital or an agenda of the public good and the needs of the community. Among other tasks, community foundations, create opportunities of cooperation between governments, firms and civil society sectors, and promote the culture of participation and social responsibility and philanthropy. In this respect, Sanz (2004) lists the community foundation tasks: to promote the culture of participation, social responsibility and philanthropy; to bridge government with civil society sectors and to create opportunity for collaboration among sectors. It is mobilizing around assets the starting point for a community initiative to drive the process. Community foundations have to take a leadership role in the community, need to do asset mapping in order to discern what the needs and demands are, and they also need to bring together different stakeholders and work together with other CFs to gain wider recognition. In asset mapping it is important to distinguish between identification of assets for their own sake and identification of assets for people to generate action. Community foundations and governments are collaborating mainly on projects, but also in more comprehensive and complex ways, which are being tried. Building community foundations may take several years and maybe decades. Community Foundations are not quick fixes; they have to go through a process of demonstrating accountability and building trust. Sanz (2004) highlights the existing mistrust between government and civil society. Communities from developing countries often lack trust in government. Mesik, (2004) observed the fast growth of community foundations over the past decades, and explained that they are a specific model of public-private partnerships which can be an important vehicle for moving communities toward sustainable development. He described CFs as a combination of factors. Financial resources, material and social assets are all important for community foundations. The Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) Approach in Community Development The Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach locates the control of the development process in the hands of communities. Asset based community development is an approach to working at the community level influenced by theory and practice in areas of: community mobilizing (McKnight and Kretzmann, 1993; Elliott, 1999: Chambers and Cowan, 2003). Sustainable livelihoods (Bebbington, 2000; Sen, 1981, 1984, 1999; de Haan, 2000, Sen and Klein, 2003), the UNDP sustainable livelihood model (UNCDF, 2001); the DFID model of sustainable livelihoods (Ashley, C Carney, D., 1999; Carney, 2002) and asset building. Asset-based community development is a means by which communities recognize the value of the multiple assets that they have: Human, social, natural, physical, financial, technological, etc. The Asset-Based approach aims to locate all of the available local assets, to begin connecting them with one another in ways that multiply their power and effectiveness, and to begin harnessing those local institutions that are not yet available for local development purposes. (McKnight and Kretzmann.1993:1). Also ABC may support a community to organize to mobilize these assets, build on and protect their asset base for sustained community development, position them as a sound investment to lever additional assets from multiple investors. The assets based approach is an approach to citizen participation in low-income communities. Communities possess significant assets that can be mobilized and utilized, besides the need for external resources. These assets and capacities can be broken down into three categories: Primary building blocks assets that are located in the community and controlled by its members. Secondary building blocks are assets not under community control but which can be brought under its control. The third category is potential building blocks. McKnight and Kretzmann (1993) Communities are not subjects; they are not recipients of aid. They are the architects of their own destinies. ABC locates control in the hands of communities, orients the policy and regulatory environment towards community level asset building for sustainable livelihoods. An ABCD tool uses is a type of analysis where you are looking at whats coming in, what is leaking out and what money is being circulated in the community. As a methodology, asset based community development grew out of the findings of a study of communities that had spontaneously and dramatically improved their economies and social conditions over a period of several years (McKnight and Kretzmann, 1993), has been influenced by participatory methodological traditions and embraces the concept of asset-building, as well as asset-mobilization, for sustainable community-driven development. ABCD is one methodology to help organizations that work at the community level (either in a geographic sense or with target groups) stimulates an asset-based and community-driven development process. Characteristics of the Asset Based Methodology Some characteristics of the Asset Based Methodology for working at the community level are: Purposeful reconnaissance Building a relationship with community members Motivating community members Identifying assets Not mapping but organizing Linking and mobilizing assets for initial community activity Sustaining social and economic development over the longer term Application of ABCD is context specific and depends among other factors on the historic relationship between the intermediary organization and the community, power dynamics within communities, the capacity of formal and informal leadership in the community. Also, cultural factors and the relationship between communities and local and state governments (especially regarding access to assets) are important in the relationship context. A definition of community attempts to establish a common understanding of the complex concept of capacity building (McKnight and Kretzmanns, 1993). In ABCD, a community explores its assets and organizes itself in order to mobilize those assets. The approach recognizes not only financial and natural assets, but human, physical and most importantly social assets the latter being formal and informal associations, which become the vehicles for community development. Important Community Assets McKnight and Kretzmann (1993) have demonstrated that community assets are key building blocks in sustainable urban and rural community revitalization efforts. These community assets include: the skills of local residents the power of local associations the resources of public, private and non-profit institutions the physical and economic resources of local places. McKnight and Kretzmann (1993) found that local economic development is successful when communities are able to identify and mobilize their own assets before drawing on resources from outside and have citizens rather than NGOs or government agencies at the center of the development activity Partnerships are needed to achieve targets of long-term sustainable development. Partnerships provide a viable option for sustainable economic development and benefits for the stakeholders involved, promote transparency and accountability. Partnerships are of interest in the search for effective governance mechanisms in an age of opportunities and threats created by globalization. Local partnerships in Mexico contribute to good governance As a form of governance, partnerships may be weak if the capacity of partners is uneven and share different degree of legitimacy. Co-operation and co-ordination fostered by partnerships are the result of the accountability framework reconciled with collective strategic planning. If local communities have weak capacity, participatory democracy and public accountability are challenged. Public sector, firms, communities and civil society as partners differ significantly. The accountability of partnerships may be undermined when NGOs and the unstructured civil society are represented on a volunteer basis and their interests may not be the ones of the community, giving way to conflicts of interests. Elected officials are accountable to their constituencies and public officials are accountable to government. If large firms and governments are the stronger partners, may help to build the capacity of weak partners. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as partners may not be properly represented if there are not mechanisms to enable broad representation. Coalitions, Partnerships, Alliances, Joint Venture or Consortiums In order to define the types of organizations that can legitimately be labeled TSs, we might place multiparty organizations along a continuum that ranges from the loosest form of collaboration, on the left of the diagram in Figure 2.1, to the tightest. At the looser end of the spectrum are coalitions. They usually have the least structure, often relying only on terms of reference and a decision-making process, and are apt to be used for advocacy purposes. In that case, they forgo a vision development process in favor of a process for reaching agreement on objectives on an advocacy strategy. Coalition is a term favored by health promoters for a TS aimed at achieving common goals (Roberts, 2004, p.26). 1.1: Continuum from the loosest to tightest collaborative structure. Source 🙠 Roberts, 2004, p.26) In the following matrix that is based on Himmelmans matrix of strategies, illustrates the range of activities, resources, and characteristics for organizations and community relationships. 2.2: Matrix of Strategies for Working Together Source: (Roberts, 2004, p.28) Sole organization vs. Trans-organizational systems (TSs) If a sole organization joins with other organizations to create a trans-organizational system, more of the environment comes under the influence of the new TS. The turbulence caused by complex problems in the environment can be addressed by the consolidated resources and knowledge base of the new TS. The span of the TS covers considerably more than the single organization (Robert, 2004, p.18) Trans-organizational systems (TSs) are organizations too. They must meet the criteria specified above for organizations, including having a system principle and transforming knowledge by adding value. As organizations of organizations, they are functional social systems existing in the space between single organizations and societal systems such as government. They are able to make decisions and perform tasks on behalf of their member organizations, while the member organizations maintain their separate identities and goals (Robert, 2004, p.25). Trans-organizational knowledge sharing with customers and business partners results in the mutual benefits of better customer service, more efficient delivery times, and more collaboration (Alrawi, 2007). This dynamic makes knowledge a commodity that can be exchanged for revenue or more knowledge (Alrawi, 2007). These concepts are characteristic of the trusted advisor relationship, in which the client organization relies upon the consulting organization for guidance, recommendations, and insight in addition to facts, figures, and designs. The trusted advisor relationship is an important element of trans-organizational collaboration, being both a requisite element for the process to occur, as well as a by-product of successful trans-organizational collaboration (Kleinfelder, 2008). Sole and Trans- Organization Systems and Communities Sole organization in its Environment Trans organization system in its Environment Trans-organizational Development for community Development In the organizational and management literature of the past 15 years or so, many successful inter-firm relationships are described as being based on a hybrid form of co-operation where business partners are neither friends nor strangers (Lorenz 1988) and where the structure and quality of relations are constituted somewhere between market and hierarchy. Strategic alliances and organizational networks are increasingly seen as a very promising form of trans-organizational relationships (Bachmann, 2007). Trans-organizational Development (TD) is a purposive, planned change strategy concerned with creating and improving the effectiveness of inter-organizational coalitions. Unlike bounded, over organized systems found within most organizations, coalitions frequently exhibit indefinite boundaries and under organization (Sink, 1991). As such, they may demand more than the traditional organization development (OD) strategies to effect change. A TD checklist was developed to guide change agents in dealing with coalitions. Developing or increasing shared norms and values, and establishing predictable, regular structures, roles, and technologies are primary tasks of the policy entrepreneur/TD change agent (Sink, 1991). Trust, Power and Control in Trans-Organizational Relations Large parts of the existing literature on trust building on wider political and philosophical aspirations are inspired by a harmonic vision and the deep desire to see benevolence and altruism prevail in social relationships between economic actors. Against the background of this observation, the issue of trust has moved centre-stage in many contributions to the analysis of trans-organizational economic activities. Under current macro-economic developments, trust is seen as becoming the central mechanism to allow for an efficient solution of the problem of co-coordinating expectations and interactions between economic actors. While hierarchical relations are mainly controlled by bureaucratic procedures and top-down mechanisms of co-coordinating interactions, market relationships between anonymous buyers and sellers are based on the idea that economic actors simply use their individual resources and market power to follow their idiosyncratic interests, irrespective of what damage they might impose upon others (Bachmann, 2007). The possible problems connected to hybrid relations, such as the increased vulnerability of individual organizations or possible mutual blockages between them, particularly when fast decisions are needed; obviously rate low compared to the possible advantages, and are often altogether ignored in the literature (Bachmann, 2007). Trans Organizational Competencies Followings are some characteristics of Trans Organizational Competencies Organizational Capacity and Dynamics: 1. Creates and employs assessment models to assess organizational environment, needs, assets, resources and opportunities with respect to mission and policy development and assurance functions 2. Identifies and communicates new system structures as need is identified and opportunity arises 3. Develops system structures utilizing knowledge of organizational learning, development, behavior and culture (NPHLDN, 2005) Trans- Organizational Capacity and Collaboration According National Publication Health Leadership Development Network about Trans- Organizational Capacity, (NPHLDN, 2005): 1. Identifies and includes key players, power brokers and stakeholders in collaborative ventures 2. Develops, implements and evaluates collaborative and partnering strategies, including task force, coalition, and consortium development 3. Facilitates networking and participation of all stakeholders including broad and diverse representation of private/public and traditional/nontraditional community organizations 4. Facilitates identification of shared or complementary mission and creation of common vision 5. Creates trans-organizational systems utilizing a common values based approach with ethical standards 6. Develops and evaluates collaborative strategic action plans 7. Facilitates change through a balance of critical tensions within collaborative systems Community and Community Partnership Nowadays there are new communities for example online communities, online communities are network-based resources where people with common interests can go online to communicate (using list servers, bulletin boards, etc.) and share resources also Online communities exist on the Web for people with shared interests, for instance: Communities exist for sports, hobbies, parent groups and support groups (Lazar, 2002). The mission of Community Partnerships is to create opportunities for all to pursue their dreams and engage fully them in community (CPIs Mission, 2009). Also according Jim Patty Sherman: We firmly believe that our sons transformation would not have been possible without the support we received from Community Partnerships. They have helped bring the joy of parenthood back into our lives and helped write a happy ending to the first chapter of his life. So it should be provided direct services to organizations and adults with developmental disabilities to develop them well (CPIs Mission, 2009). This is adopted as a move towards understanding of Community Partnership (Community Development Foundation, 1970). A Good Community Partnership: Is crucially concerned with the issues of powerlessness and disadvantage: as such it should involve all members of society, and offers a practice that is part of a process of social change. Is about the active involvement of people in the issues which affect their lives. It is a process based on the sharing of power, skills, knowledge and experience. Takes place both in neighborhoods and within communities of interest, as people identify what is relevant to them. Is collective process, but the experience of the process enhances the integrity, skills, knowledge and experience, as well as equality of power, for each individual who is involved. Seeks to enable individuals and communities to grow and change according to their own needs and priorities, and at their own pace, provided this does not oppress other groups and communities, or damage the environment. Where takes place, there are certain principles central to it. The first priority of the Community design process is the empowering and enabling of those who are traditionally deprived of power and control over their common affairs. It claims as important the ability of people to act together to influence the social, economic, political and environmental issues which affect them. Community Design aims to encourage sharing, and to create structures which give genuine participation and involvement. Is about developing the power, skills, knowledge and experience of people as individuals and in groups, thus enabling them to undertake initiatives of their own to combat social, economic, political and environmental problems, and enabling them to fully participate in a truly democratic process. Must take the a lead in confronting the attitudes of individuals and the practices of institutions and society as a whole which discriminates unfairly against black people, women, people with disabilities and different abilities, religious groups, elderly people, lesbians and gay men, and other groups who are disadvantaged by society. It also must take a lead in countering the destruction of the natural environment on which we all depend. Community Development is well placed to involve people equally on these issues which affect all of us. Should seek to develop structures which enable the active involvement of people from disadvantaged groups, and in particular people from Black and Minority Ethnic groups (Community Development Foundation, 1970). So in designing an effective partnership, designers should not them to implement them in their projects for a good community design. Conclusions The importance of Community design and innovative organizational structures within the knowledge-based modern economy is becoming increasingly important and has received greater attention in the literature recently (Kleinfelder, 2008). Before trans-organizational collaboration can be effective, the potential collaborating orga

Crime And Punishment Dream Ana Essay -- essays research papers

Dreams of Good and Evil   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dreams are windows into peoples sub conscience and their true emotions and gives important clues to emotional disturbances. Sigmund Freud, the first person to systematically study dreams, said that desires are revealed in the form of dreams. Freud said that dreams gratify those desires which that a person would never express while awake. Psychiatrists today tend to view dreams as attempts to solve problems rather than as the fulfillment of unconscious desires. Whatever dreams are, they gratify a physiological and psychological need of humans. In Crime and Punishment, Raskolinov manifests guilt itself in a dream in which Ilya Petrovich mercilessly beats his landlady. This dream is a vision into Raskolinov’s emotional disturbances and signifies resentment and fear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Raskolinov’s dreams are continual conflicts between his dark and hateful mind and his conscience. His mind drives him to murder and inflates his ego to make him feel as an â€Å"extraordinary man.† On the other hand, his conscience struggles to hinder these violent motives. Raskolinov’s mind is at battle with itself in a conflict of morals and corruption that is manifested into the dream of the mare. Dostoevsky uses the dream as evidence of Raskolinov’s psychic illness. Raskolinov can be identified as all of the characters in his dream: Mikolka, the jeering crowd, the beaten horse, and the innocent child. Raskolinov’s confusion and obvio...

Policies and Practices at Wal-Mart Essay

Think about Wal-Mart and think about the biggest and most successful chain of department stores in the United States. Think about Wal-Mart and think about a multi-billion dollar company which just continues to expand. Now think about working for this company. Initially you might think about the great opportunity and promise to work for a solid company. But, if you are not a white male, think again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wal-Mart gets sued a lot. Back in 2002, Wal-Mart received over six thousand lawsuits (Daniels, 2003). Today the company is facing the largest civil rights class action lawsuit, the Dukes vs. Wal-Mart Inc. The Dukes vs. Wal-Mart Inc is a sex-discrimination lawsuit filed by Ms. Betty Dukes. According to Ms. Dukes, her employer denied her the chance of progressing to the upper echelon of the company she works for. Now what we have before us is an ongoing circus between 2 million women who are currently working or used to work at Wal-Mart and the Wal-Mart company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States government has an agency which prosecutes any work related discrimination act. It is called the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or EEOC. EEOC was established to ensure that every person has an equal opportunity to be hired and employed and that no form of discrimination will be done against them. EEOC laws protect the employees as early as during the application stage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I have stated above, it is just normal for Wal-Mart to be sued a lot. The reason is maybe because discriminatory practices exist here. Let us study what the law states and compare it with what is really going on inside Wal-Mart. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Title VII of the Civil Rights of Act of 1964 commonly known as Title VII protects employees at being discriminated based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin.   If an employer employs fifteen or more individuals, that company covered by Title VII. It is not only intentional discriminations that is prohibited but any practice which has the effect of discriminating against individuals is under Title VII (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2004). The U.S. EEOC is in charge of enforcing this law. The question now is what is the practice in Wal-Mart. Is this law enforced strictly or is Wal-Mart disregarding this act?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Back to Ms. Dukes, she filed a lawsuit against Wal-Mart because she claims that Wal-Mart did not gave her a chance to move to the next higher job position because she is a female (Pikul, 2004). With what Ms. Dukes is claiming, this is clearly showing that sex-discrimination is widespread at Wal-Mart and this is definitely unacceptable. Since there are many other complaints just like this, the court has allowed the largest class action discrimination case against Wal-Mart. Equal Pay Act   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Under the Equal Pay Act, there should be no difference in wage based on the sex of the employee. Men and women who basically have the same job position and skill level should be paid equally. This act further states that employers cannot reduce wages of either sex for the sake of equalizing the wage between men and women (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a Sam’s Club in Riverside California, Ms. Stephane Odle working as an assistant manager found a W-2 form lying around the office. The W-2 was owned by her male college which also happens to be an assistant manager just like her. She discovered that her male counterpart was earning some thousand of dollars more than her (Daniels, 2003). Again, another act of dishonesty on the part of Wal-Mart. The company made a fool out of Ms. Odle and made a mockery of the act enforced by the EEOC. Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 is aimed to protect women from discrimination they may incur on the basis of pregnancy and childbirth. Women who are pregnant or feeling any related conditions should be treated the same way as other regular applicants or employees (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2004). Another act violated by Wal-Mart in which a settlement has been made. In November 1991, a female applicant was denied to be hired because she was pregnant at that time. The EEOC on behalf of Miss Jamey Stern filed a case against Wal-Mart. The settlement cost Wal-Mart $200,000 in damages done to Ms. Stern. There is no smoke if there isn’t any fire. Wal-Mart is certainly guilty of discrimination on their female workers and the minority. They are not only culpable to their workers but also to what the law states. The sheer number of lawsuits being filed against Wal-Mart clearly shows that this company has a big problem. It is never too late for the company to correct its wrong doings against their employees. Eradication of discrimination at work is a process that is why it is imperative that they act now. Instead of being the leaders in discrimination, they should set an example to all other companies, huge or small, that there is no place for discrimination in the work place. References Daniels, C. (2003, July 21). Women vs. Wal-Mart. How the retailer reconcile its storied culture with the anger of these female workers? Retrieved March 11, 2007 from http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2003/07/21/346130/index.htm Pikul, C. (2004, November 22). Women vs. Wal-Mart. Retrieved March 14, 2008 from http://dir.salon.com/story/mwt/feature/2004/11/22/wal_mart/ U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2004). APA style: Electronic references. Retrieved March 12, 2008, from http://www.eeoc.gov

Top 10 High Paying Allied Health Careers For People With No Degree

Top 10 High Paying Allied Health Careers For People With No Degree Allied health jobs make up about 60% of the healthcare workforce, and will probably continue to be a huge part of the industry, with millions of new jobs added in years to come. They usually have fewer educational requirements than other jobs in healthcare, and leave open lots of room for advancement. And the certification and education required can often be acquired online through an accredited institution. Here are 10 of the most high-paying jobs in this field that you can get without having a college degree- and their median salaries.1. Dental Hygienist: $71kHelp steer patients toward good dental- and overall health. You’ll need an accredited associate’s degree program in order to take  the exams required to earn your credentials and get licensed. Eventually, you might want to pursue more advanced degrees.2. Registered Nurse: $66kGet in with your associate’s and advance by earning your bachelor’s degree in this in-demand profession. As nurses are in s uch high demand, many employers will help you with tuition to advance.3. Diagnostic Medical Sonographer: $66kYou’ll need a good grasp of math and physics to take pictures of patients’ insides, and some employers require professional certification. But you can usually land this job with an associate’s or post-secondary certificate.4. Occupational Therapy Assistant (OTA): $55kAssist an occupational therapist to get a hold within an in-demand profession. This job has super high growth and only requires a license and an associate’s to start.5. Medical Equipment Repairer: $44kAlso called â€Å"biomedical equipment technicians,† these folks typically need an associate’s degree in biomedical tech or engineering, but these positions do allow for flexible scheduling and nontraditional hours.6. Phlebotomist: $31.9kGet yourself a post-secondary certificate from a phlebotomy program, and get started drawing patients’ blood for lab testing.7. Surg ical Technologist: $45kOnly a few states regulate the educational requirements for this field. You’ll only need a post-secondary certificate or an associate’s degree to assist surgeons during operations, prepare the operating theatre, and assist in post-op care.8. Radiology/MRI Technician: $67.3kRadiologic techs will often be required to have an associate’s degree, as will MRI techs. It is also possible to begin as a radiologic tech and then specialize in operating MRI machinery as your career develops.9. Medical Records and Health IT: $38.8kMedical records and health information technicians need an associate’s or a post-secondary certificate. Many employers will require professional certification. There are kids coming out of fancy four-year colleges who will earn less!10. Clinical Lab Tech: $49kClinical laboratory technicians make great money for only being required to begin with an associate’s degree. Just don’t confuse this job with that of a laboratory technologist, who makes more money, but would require a bachelor’s degree. This job is also projected to grow 18% in the coming few years. So get in while the going’s good.

20 Hindsight

20/20 Hindsight Introduction In the daily running in life, people engage in many premeditated and involuntary activities. Most of the impromptu ones that come up require rush and closest to accurate decision making. It is from these that individuals make most mistakes at the end of the day. It may be considered a better way of expressing regret, or just instilling the consolation required to move on, but many call out on 20/20 hindsight bias as a would-be solution to show their best at certain situations considered unsatisfying.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on 20/20 Hindsight specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These situations may be either failures or activities that resulted to unexpected results. The space shuttle Challenger has had space exploration enthusiasts, patriots and ethics specialties among others, succumb to the hindsight bias by speculating all the other positive possibilities were they in the same position as the deci sion making panel on that fateful day. The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster Back in 1986, the anticipated launch of The Challenger happened with all the unexpected results. After several rescheduling, the final day of reckoning was set and fixed. The 28th of January 1986 saw the perishing of seven astronauts in a mission viewed live by millions all over the world. 73 seconds into the flight, the shuttle experienced glitches that led to it disintegration in a scenery that many thought to be an explosion. The high-density cameras noticed the first malfunction when they recorded dark smoke coming from the right solid rocket booster. This was about 67 seconds from take off. The next six seconds sealed the fate of the shuttle and its crew. The smoke, upon analysis, was the initial sign that there was not a complete sealing of the relevant joints (Dunbar 2007). Burning of grease, rubber and the O Rings were therefore the cause of this smoke. The O-rings are responsible for preventing hea ted gases from escaping outwards. The Hindsight Bias A closer look back into the events leading to the actual launch would have been enough to change the schedule of the lift-off. I believe that everyone is a specialist in his/her own field. The event was already flocking with aeronautical specialists in form of engineers and weather specialists who, until the actual launch, were still noticing defective conditions. These conditions were unfavorable and I would have respected their observation. Political Crime This was the first problem that encountered the system that was leading the whole project. It is sad to come to a final realization that NASA opted for the faulty design knowingly just to tend to the requirements of some greedy politicians driven by their hunger for power (Oberg 2006). The role of the politicians, according to my view, should be to create the environment required for such projects to take place. The best way of doing this is through enabling of the funds draft ed in the forwarded budget and transferring the monitoring responsibilities to watchdogs and commissions that consist of a panel of specialists in the relevant fields. Since they understand better the procedures taken towards the success of such missions, they present the project progress with more efficiency. Politicians view everything only from a political point of view, which does not end well with such specialists as aeronautical researchers and engineers.Advertising Looking for report on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Impatience Pays The morning for the scheduled launch was a cold one. The temperatures had dropped to as low as 8oF (Texas AM University (TAMU) 2000). The lowest temperature required for the O Rings to remain functional was 53 oF. Noting this, the organizers should have heard the engineers’ pleas to halt and postpone the launch. The O-rings functionality was compromised at this l evel as no testing on record had proven otherwise. Workplace Ethics Regardless of the environment or nature of work, colleagues working under the same organization are expected to share information as this reduces the misunderstandings that are a result of inadequate information on certain issues. It was realized that Robert Ebeling and Roger Boisjoly, engineers with the contracted Morton-Thiokol, had already identified the problem with the O-rings all through the testing (TAMU 2000). The rings burnt off with every test flight. This led to the two engineer proposing different designs to be adopted into the final design. This new design performed better as it withstood more heat than the previous ones. Their proposal was declined by the NASA panel. Apparently, the management was trying to save on the resources dedicated to the project, and this was not to be the case in the end. The loss incurred, taking into consideration the fact that lives were lost, was way through the billions. Management ought to learn to listen to the lower level workers proposals, as they tend to lead to high-level results so to speak. Safety Precautions We do understand the fact that a stitch in time saves nine. This does not only apply in personal life experiences, but also at our workplaces. As much as management expects utter performance from the employees, â€Å"we vastly underestimate the cost of effective safety precautions† (Yudkowsky 2007). Safety precautions start here. At the Challenger, everything was tested and the defaults corrected. The fact that more were detected did not deter the scheduled launch of the Challenger. When such a risky endeavor is undertaken, I would expect that the final running would be at only optimal conditions. â€Å"Although the ice team had worked on the covering ice, there was still concern from the contractor’s engineers† (AlbertaRose 2010). Also on the same is the fact that the test flights had emergency escape pods built in but these had to be removed from the final shuttle because it filled up on space left out for other devices (Spaceflight Now Inc.).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on 20/20 Hindsight specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fact that NASA ruled out the possibilities of occurrence of problems sometime later into the flight shows that the mission was influenced heavily by the pride of accomplishing it in the management that steered the project. Some suggest that this was a recap of the Titanic all over again. Though they demand extra costs, precautions have proven to save more than they incur to adapt. Conclusion I admit that no one is perfect, but equipped with such information, I believe I would be able to avert the Challenger and grant it the honor it requires in the history books, a victorious one. If only it was possible too, I would direct that politicians fall back to their respective positions and stay away from th e complicated proceedings until when called upon. The fact that most things proceed smoothly to their end when they do not interrupt should not be regarded as a coincidence, but a show of how to get the best from profiled projects. Reference List AlbertaRose 2010. â€Å"Historical Space Accidents: Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster†. Web. Dunbar, B 2007. NASA. STS-51L. Web. Oberg, J 2006. â€Å"7 myths about the Challenger shuttle disaster†. MSNBC. Web. Spaceflight Now Inc. 2010. â€Å"Challenger timeline†. Web. Texas AM University 2000. â€Å"The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster†. Web.Advertising Looking for report on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yudkowsky, E 2007. â€Å"Hindsight bias†. Web.

Financing the Mozal Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Media summary and analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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